Rename logical database file name for a SQL Server database

By:Manvendra Singh || Related Tips:More > Database Administration

Problem

SQL Server database files have two names: one is the logical file name and the other is the physical file name. The logical file name is used with some T-SQL commands, such as DBCC SHRINKFILE. If you want to change the logical file names of your database files then this tip will be very useful. This way you can keep your logical database file names unique on your SQL Server instance.

Solution

It is not mandatory to keep logical file names unique on a SQL Server instance, but ideally we should keep them unique to avoid any confusion.

When we restore a database, the logical database file names don't change and are the same as the source database. So if you are restoring to multiple databases with the same backup file, the logical file names will be the same for all of the restored databases.

Let's start with creating a database having three data files and a log file then we will change the logical file name of these database files to show the step by step method.

Rename the logical SQL Server database file name using T-SQL

Step 1: First we will create a database named "Manvendra" with three data files (1 primary and 2 secondary data files) and one log file by running the below T-SQL code. You can change the name of the database, file path, file names, size and file growth according to your needs.

CREATE DATABASE [Manvendra]
CONTAINMENT = NONE
ON PRIMARY
( NAME = N'Manvendra', FILENAME = N'C:\mssql\DATA\Manvendra.mdf',SIZE = 5MB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 10MB ),
( NAME = N'Manvendra_1', FILENAME = N'C:\MSSQL\DATA\Manvendra_1.ndf',SIZE = 5MB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 10MB ),
( NAME = N'Manvendra_2', FILENAME = N'C:\MSSQL\DATA\Manvendra_2.ndf' ,SIZE = 5MB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 10MB )
LOG ON
( NAME = N'Manvendra_log', FILENAME = N'C:\MSSQL\DATA\Manvendra_log.ldf',SIZE = 10MB , MAXSIZE = 1GB , FILEGROWTH = 10%)
GO

Step 2: Next I created a backup of the database and then restored the database to "Manvendra_Test".

BACKUP DATABASE [Manvendra] TO DISK = 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\Manvendra.bak'
GO
RESTORE DATABASE [Manvendra_Test] FROM DISK = 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\Manvendra.bak'
GO

I ran the below T-SQL command to get the logical file names of each database file for both databases.

USE MANVENDRA
GO
SELECT file_id, name as [logical_file_name],physical_name
from sys.database_files
USE MANVENDRA_Test
GO
SELECT file_id, name as [logical_file_name],physical_name
from sys.database_files

We can see the logical file names are the same for both databases.

Step 3: Now we will change the logical file name for the primary data file for database Manvendra from "Manvendra" to Manvendra_Data" by running an ALTER DATABASE statement using MODIFY FILE. To modify the logical name of a data file or log file, we will specify the logical file name to be renamed in the NAME clause, and specify the new logical name for the file in the NEWNAME clause. Run the below command to apply this change.

USE [master];
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manvendra] MODIFY FILE ( NAME = Manvendra, NEWNAME = Manvendra_Data );
GO

Step 4: Now we will check the logical file names to verify our change we made in the last step. Run the command below to check the logical names.

USE [Manvendra];
GO
SELECT file_id, name AS logical_name, physical_name
FROM sys.database_files

We can see the logical file name has been changed without any downtime of the database.

Step 5: If you have multiple database files for which you need to change the logical file names this can also be done using a T-SQL command. Let's change the logical file name of all database files of our database "Manvendra".

USE [master];
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manvendra] MODIFY FILE ( NAME = Manvendra_Data, NEWNAME = Manvendra );
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manvendra] MODIFY FILE ( NAME = Manvendra_1, NEWNAME = Manvendra_Data1 );
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manvendra] MODIFY FILE ( NAME = Manvendra_2, NEWNAME = Manvendra_Data2 );
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manvendra] MODIFY FILE ( NAME = Manvendra_Log, NEWNAME = Manvendra_Log1 );
GO

Now check the logical file names of all four database files again. You can see all logical file names have been changed and the logical file name of the primary data file has been changed back to "Manvendra".

Rename logical database file names using SQL Server Management Studio

Step 1: Logical file names can also be changed using SQL Server Management Studio . Select the database in Object Explorer and right click on the database and select Properties. On the Files page, we can see the logical file names.

Step 2: Here we will rename the logical file names and append "_GUI" to each file name as shown in the below screenshot and click OK to save the changes.

Step 3: If you open the database Properties window again we can see the logical file names have been changed.

We can also see that the logical file names have been changed by running the below T-SQL command again.

Next Steps Do not change logical names of any data file of your production database until it is required or needed. First test this process in lower life cycle environments and then replicate the change in production post approval process. Explore more knowledge with these SQL Server Database Administration Tips .

Last Update: 8/16/2016

About the author

Manvendra Singh has over 5 years of experience with SQL Server and has focused on Database Mirroring, Replication, Log Shipping, etc. View all my tips

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